Answers of Research Using Twins Reading Passage with Explanation
Below are the answers of above passage with detailed explanation and location:
Question 1
ANSWER :FALSE
Explanation :In the last line of paragraph 1, it is mentioned that the difference in the skin may be due to the change in the surroundings. “Any differences between them - one twin having younger looking skin, for example - must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.” Hence, genetics doesn’t have to be the cause for the difference in how young the skin of identical twins looks.
Question 2
ANSWER :NOT GIVEN
Explanation :In the second paragraph, a comparison of the experiences of identical twins with fraternal twins is stated. However, it is not mentioned that twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.
Question 3
ANSWER :NOT GIVEN
Explanation :In paragraph 4, it is quoted that “Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard's lab”. However, it is not stated that there was any sort of advertisement in the newspaper by Bouchard for twins who had been separated at birth.
Question 4
ANSWER :TRUE
Explanation : In paragraph 6 of the passage, it is mentioned that there aren’t just genetic and environmental processes. There is a third component which is different from both of these. “Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a 'third component'.” Hence, the statement stands correct.
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Question 5
ANSWER :A
Explanation :In paragraph 4, it is stated, that Francis Galton invented a term to differentiate between two factors that affect human traits. Hence, he is the correct researcher.
Question 6
ANSWER :C
Explanation :In the last paragraph of the passage it is explained that the study of epigenetics will increase our knowledge. “Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further”. Hence, the correct researcher is Danielle Reed.
Question 7
ANSWER :A
Explanation :In paragraph 4 of the passage it is cited that genetic influence can be measured in a mathematical way. “The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton” Thus, Francis Galton is the correct researcher
Question 8
ANSWER :B
Explanation :In the eleventh paragraph of the passage, it is stated that with the help of twins, research developed genetics. “Reed credits Thomas Bouchard's work for today's surge in twin studies”. Hence, Thomas Bouchard is the correct researcher.
Question 9
ANSWER :B
Explanation :Paragraph 4, line 2, explains that in the 1980s research was carried out wherein twins who had lived apart were reunited. “But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults.” Thus, Thomas Bouchard is the correct researcher.
Question 10
ANSWER :D - Chemicals
Explanation :As mentioned in paragraph 7 of the passage, “Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a 'third component'.” Thus, chemicals influence the activity of our genes.
Question 11
ANSWER :B - Organs
Explanation :As stated in the passage in paragraph 7, “these reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.” Hence, our internal organs are created by chemical reactions.
Question 12
ANSWER :E- Environment
Explanation :In paragraph 9, it is shown that researchers are finding a way to understand how the environment affects genes. Thus, it can be concluded that the study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be affected by our environment.
Question 13
ANSWER :F - Behaviour
Explanation :As stated in paragraph 9, “Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioural problems as the rodent grows up.” Thus, it can be concluded that if a pregnant rat suffers stress then the baby rat may show problems in its behaviour.
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